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Инфекция и иммунитет. : 410-420

Уроки эпидемии COVID-19 в Италии

Семенов А. В., Пшеничная Н. Ю.

https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-LTL-1468

Аннотация

В статье приводится оценка эпидемии COVID-19 в Италии, масштабы которой привели к серьезнейшим вызовам для общества и для национальной системы здравоохранения. После информирования ВОЗ о ситуации, связанной с угрозой пандемического распространения коронавирусной инфекции, Италия своевременно закрыла границы с Китаем, но после возникновения случаев COVID-19, связанных с местной трансмиссией, экстренно не ввела ограничительные меры на первом этапе развития эпидемии. В результате лавинообразный рост числа больных с вирусной пневмонией привел к колоссальной перегрузке системы здравоохранения, снижению соблюдения мер инфекционного контроля и, как следствие, инфицированию медицинских работников, составивших около 10% всех больных. Социально уязвимые группы населения не обращались своевременно за медицинской помощью из-за нехватки коечного фонда и подготовленного персонала. На втором этапе развития эпидемии ограничительные меры также вводились с опозданием и неодновременно в соседних регионах, сохранялся недостаточный уровень исполнения противоэпидемических мероприятий, что нашло свое отражение в продолжающемся росте эпидемической кривой в течение длительного времени. Отсроченное введение комплекса мер, направленных на борьбу с эпидемией, привело к значительному росту заболеваемости и смертности среди уязвимых групп населения, повысило скорость распространения возбудителя и замедлило темпы снижения заболеваемости COVID-19. Анализ ответных мер на эпидемию COVID-19 в Италии должен быть учтен другими странами в борьбе с текущей пандемией и в подготовке к ответу на биологические угрозы в будущем.

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Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity. : 410-420

Lessons to learn: COVID-19 epidemic in Italy

Semenov A. V., Pshenichnaya N. Yu.

https://doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-LTL-1468

Abstract

Here we provide the assessment of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, which scale has led to serious challenges both for society and national health care system. Despite timely information regarding the pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus infection, the country’s health care was not prepared to dramatically increased rate of patients with viral pneumonia at the first stage of the epidemic, infection control measures were not fully implemented that also led to spread of infection among health care workers. Socially vulnerable population groups did not seek timely medical care due to the lack of hospital facilities as well as well-trained medical personnel. At the second stage of developing epidemic, were also delayed and executed at varying timepoints in neighbor regions, with sustained insufficient management after implementing them that was reflected as ongoing rise of epidemic curve over long time. Delayed execution of anti-epidemic restrictive measures aimed at fighting against ongoing epidemic resulted in substantially increased morbidity and mortality among vulnerable population groups and retarded rate of decreasing COVID-19 epidemic curve. Analyzing response measures taken in Italy against COVID-19 epidemic should be appreciated by other countries while dealing with the current pandemic and preparing to react to novel biological threats in the future.

References

1. Boccia S., Ricciardi W., Ioannidis J.P. What other countries can learn from Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Int.Med. 2020 Apr 7. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1447

2. Capobianchi M.R., Rueca M., Messina F., Giombini E., Carletti F., Colavita F., Castilletti C., Lalle E., Bordi L., Vairo F., Nicastri E. Molecular characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from the first case of COVID-19 in Italy. Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2020 Mar 27.

3. Cesari M., Proietti M. COVID-19 in Italy: ageism and decision-making in a pandemic. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc., 2020 Apr 1.

4. Crisanti A., Cassone A. In one Italian town, weshowed mass testing could eradicate the coronavirus. The Guardian. March 20, 2020.Accessed April 2, 2020. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/20/eradicatedcoronavirus-mass-testing-covid-19-italy-vo

5. Epidemia COVID-19, aggiornamento nazionale:30 marzo 2020. Task force COVID-19 del Dipartimento Malattie Infettive e Servizio di Informatica, Istituto Superiore di Sanità. Accessed April 2, 2020. URL: https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/bollettino/Bollettino-sorveglianzaintegrata-COVID-19_30-marzo-2020.pdf

6. La Marca A., Niederberger C., Pellicer A., Nelson S.M. COVID-19: lessons from the Italian reproductive medical experience. Fertil. Steril., 2020, vol. 113, no. 5, pp. 920–922.

7. Lazzerini M., Putoto G. COVID-19 in Italy: momentous decisions and many uncertainties. Lancet, 2020, vol. 8, iss. 5, e641– e642. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30110-8

8. Nacoti M., Ciocca A., Giupponi A., Brambillasca P., Lussana F., Pisano M., Goisis G., Bonacina D., Fazzi F., Naspro R., Longhi L. At the epicenter of the Covid-19 pandemic and humanitarian crises in Italy: changing perspectives on preparation and mitigation. NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery. 2020 Mar 21.

9. Paterlini M. On the front lines of coronavirus: the Italian response to COVID-19. BMJ, 2020 Mar 16.

10. Pisano G.P., Sadun R., Zanini M. Lessons from Italy’s response to coronavirus. Harvard Business Review, 2020 Mar 27. URL: https://hbr.org/2020/03/lessons-from-italys-response-to-coronavirus

11. ProMED-mail. COVID-19 update (14): China, global, Iran, Italy, WHO. ProMED-mail 2020; 31 Jan: 20200223.7015552

12. ProMED-mail. COVID-19 update (14): China, global, Iran, Italy, WHO. ProMED-mail 2020; 23 Feb: 20200223.7015552

13. ProMED-mail. Novel coronavirus (25): updates, China, Italy, Russia, UK. ProMED-mail 2020; 31 Jan: 20200131.6940058

14. Remuzzi A., Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? Lancet. 2020 Mar 13.

15. Semenov A.V., Pshenichnaya N.Yu. Born in Wuhan: lessons from COVID-19 epidemic in China. Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity = Infektsiya i immunitet, 2020, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 210–220. doi: 10.15789/2220-7619-BIW-1453

16. Sorveglianza integrata COVID-19: I principali dati nazionali. Instituto Superiore di Sanità. March 11,2020. Accessed April 2, 2020.

17. Spina S., Marrazzo F., Migliari M., Stucchi R., Sforza A., Fumagalli R. The response of Milan’s Emergency Medical System to the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Lancet, 2020, vol. 395, iss. 10227: e49–e50.

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